Editing SGR1935+2154


==General Information==
* '''Name of the source''': SGR 1935+2154
* '''Brief description of the source''': 
** Object type :  Soft Gamma Repeater, Galactic Magnetar
** Other relevant information: Its simultaneous X-ray bursts (INTEGRAL, AGILE) and Fast radio Bursts (CHIME) on April 28th, 2020 were associated, providing the first evidence that FRBs can originate from magnetars.
** RA: 19 35 00.0 (hh mm ss), Dec: +21 53 59.1 (dd mm ss)
** RA, Dec in deg (ICRS): 293.75, 21.90
** Galactic Coordinates l=57.26, b=0.81

SGR 1935+2154 is a Galactic magnetar that presents two types of high-energy emission:
* the persistent emission at few keV
* the transient emission of short nonthermal bursts at keV−MeV. The transient emission is characterized by occasional activity period lasting days-weeks with tens-hundreds of random, short (≈0.1s) and irregular bursts.

'''Repository for the Burst Analysis: [https://github.com/gabriele-panebianco-inaf/ShortTimeScaleAnalysis gabriele-panebianco-inaf/ShortTimeScaleAnalysis]'''
(Please contact me to be added if not visible.)

==People involved==
* Gabriele Panebianco (gabriele.panebianco@inaf.it)
* Rubén López-Coto
* Andrea Bulgarelli
* Pol Bordas
* Paolo Da Vela
* Tarek Hassan
* Alicia López-Oramas
* Ambra Di Piano
* Nicolò Parmiggiani
* Irene Jimenez Martinez

==Presentations==
* 2023-06-05 ''LST Analysis Call (reco meeting)'': [https://indico.cta-observatory.org/event/4919/contributions/40145/attachments/23853/34369/SGR1935+2154withLST1.pdf link to pdf]
* 2023-06-19 '''LST General Meeting''': [https://indico.cta-observatory.org/event/4727/contributions/40419/attachments/23955/34570/SGR1935+2154withLST1.pdf link to pdf]
* 2023-07-21 ''LST Galactic Group Meeting'': [https://indico.cta-observatory.org/event/5033/contributions/40844/attachments/24208/34981/SGR1935+2154status.pdf link to pdf]
* 2023-11-08 '''LST General Meeting''': [https://indico.cta-observatory.org/event/5185/contributions/42107/attachments/24616/35707/Panebianco_SGR1935_Nov23.pdf link to pdf]
* 2024-01-15 Contributed talk at '''VHEGAM Conference''': [https://cta.cloud.xwiki.com/xwiki/wiki/sapo/view/Event/1st%20VHEGAM%20meeting%3A%20LST%20proposals%20by%20the%20Italian%20community/Very-High-Energy%20Gamma-ray%20observations%20of%20the%20Galactic%20magnetar%20SGR%201935%2B2154%20with%20the%20CTAO%20Large-Sized%20Telescope%20prototype link to SAPO XWiki]
* 2024-02-19 ''LST Analysis Call (reco meeting)'': [https://indico.cta-observatory.org/event/5418/contributions/44202/attachments/25345/37067/Panebianco_SGR1935_Feb24_LSTCall.pdf link to pdf]
* 2024-03-22 ''LST Galactic Group Meeting'': [https://indico.cta-observatory.org/event/5473/contributions/44732/attachments/25531/37364/Panebianco_SGR1935_Mar24_LSTCall.pdf link to pdf]
*2024-04-15 Contributed poster at '''CTA Symposium''': [https://cta.cloud.xwiki.com/xwiki/wiki/sapo/view/Event/2nd%20CTAO%20Science%20Symposium/Very-High-Energy%20Gamma-ray%20observations%20of%20the%20Galactic%20magnetar%20SGR%201935%2B2154%20with%20the%20CTAO%20Large-Sized%20Telescope%20prototype link to XWiki]

==Data-taking Information==
SGR 1935+2154 was observed during July 2021, September 2021, June 2022, October 2022 as follow up to external science alerts.
SGR 1935+2154 was observed for a total of 37.7 hours over 118 runs in 17 nights.

Roughly half of the observations were conducted with MAGIC.

Observations are quasi-simultaneous to other facilities observations, both at VHE and MWL.
Observations are '''simultaneous to 9 time of alerts''' of high-energy satellites triggered by SGR 1935+2154 bursts.
See March 2024 slides for comparison between LST-1, MAGIC observations and the Time of Alerts published by external facilities in GCN and ATels (they trace SGR 1935 activity periods).
All the available science alerts and time of alerts (trigger times) are recorded [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vTcvwAWw7UOxNcGDnctcLWt_vGoTOmRH/ here]

Most observations are in ''Wobble'' mode, though some runs (about 5 hours) were taken in ON mode but without OFF observations (this is the case for all October 2022 runs and 4 July 2021 runs).


{| class="wikitable"
|+ SGR 1935+2154 Observations with LST-1
|-
!Run Number !! Night !! Run Start Time [UTC] !! Run Elapsed Time [s] !! Source Offset [deg] !! Mean pointing azimuth [deg] !! Mean pointing zenith [deg] !! Used in stacked analysis !!  mode
|-
|5154 || 20210706 || 2021-07-06 21:35:40.008366 || 967.415 || 0.348 || 81.331 || 56.930 || False ||  wobble
|-
|5155 || 20210706 || 2021-07-06 21:55:39.538852 || 1016.190 || 0.451 || 83.681 || 51.829 || False ||  wobble
|-
|5156 || 20210706 || 2021-07-06 22:18:14.314086 || 1053.514 || 0.372 || 85.327 || 47.133 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5157 || 20210706 || 2021-07-06 22:41:17.329760 || 1205.443 || 0.434 || 88.929 || 42.344 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5158 || 20210706 || 2021-07-06 23:03:40.273986 || 1205.356 || 0.357 || 90.827 || 37.672 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5161 || 20210706 || 2021-07-06 23:38:21.458475 || 1206.221 || 0.443 || 96.226 || 29.316 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5162 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 00:00:21.764677 || 1205.398 || 0.442 || 100.261 || 24.532 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5163 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 00:25:00.965802 || 1443.322 || 0.368 || 104.802 || 19.462 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5164 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 00:49:25.963768 || 1145.974 || 0.436 || 116.293 || 14.803 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5165 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 01:10:44.258733 || 1203.290 || 0.365 || 127.337 || 10.904 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5166 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 01:32:50.001943 || 1203.480 || 0.437 || 158.649 || 7.453 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5167 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 01:54:27.456639 || 1206.198 || 0.367 || 195.814 || 6.820 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5168 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 02:16:10.395605 || 1205.429 || 0.436 || 224.205 || 9.957 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5169 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 02:38:19.418482 || 1205.540 || 0.370 || 241.561 || 13.290 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5170 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 02:59:59.232267 || 1205.947 || 0.432 || 252.307 || 18.372 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5171 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 03:22:42.369718 || 1203.333 || 0.367 || 258.984 || 22.682 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5175 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 04:15:42.475526 || 1205.977 || 0.434 || 266.547 || 34.509 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5176 || 20210706 || 2021-07-07 04:35:08.352232 || 905.936 || 0.377 || 269.512 || 38.264 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5192 || 20210707 || 2021-07-08 01:19:53.546984 || 1204.101 || 0.022 || 142.520 || 8.584 || False ||  ON
|-
|5193 || 20210707 || 2021-07-08 01:41:14.972905 || 1205.786 || 0.021 || 177.694 || 6.946 || False ||  ON
|-
|5194 || 20210707 || 2021-07-08 02:02:34.873506 || 1204.280 || 0.020 || 214.208 || 8.269 || False ||  ON
|-
|5195 || 20210707 || 2021-07-08 02:16:24.810369 || 292.236 || 0.019 || 230.309 || 10.271 || False ||  ON
|-
|5196 || 20210707 || 2021-07-08 02:25:59.058815 || 605.461 || 0.381 || 236.500 || 11.662 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5197 || 20210707 || 2021-07-08 02:38:06.497275 || 606.417 || 0.418 || 245.497 || 14.658 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5198 || 20210707 || 2021-07-08 02:51:02.354297 || 602.274 || 0.398 || 251.387 || 16.760 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5199 || 20210707 || 2021-07-08 03:03:00.516614 || 605.874 || 0.402 || 252.977 || 19.611 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5211 || 20210709 || 2021-07-09 22:50:58.651400 || 1205.470 || 0.370 || 90.657 || 37.872 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5212 || 20210709 || 2021-07-09 23:15:16.868188 || 1205.343 || 0.428 || 94.403 || 31.785 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5213 || 20210709 || 2021-07-09 23:46:33.454934 || 1205.261 || 0.399 || 98.543 || 25.197 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5214 || 20210709 || 2021-07-10 00:10:33.631798 || 1201.304 || 0.402 || 106.053 || 20.354 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5215 || 20210709 || 2021-07-10 00:34:57.851661 || 1204.504 || 0.376 || 112.827 || 15.470 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5216 || 20210709 || 2021-07-10 01:00:10.746264 || 1206.832 || 0.422 || 131.291 || 10.101 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5217 || 20210709 || 2021-07-10 01:24:30.383948 || 1205.869 || 0.398 || 160.492 || 6.922 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5218 || 20210709 || 2021-07-10 01:49:41.124249 || 1206.164 || 0.403 || 205.604 || 8.073 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5253 || 20210712 || 2021-07-13 00:58:23.075673 || 1205.001 || 0.379 || 138.150 || 9.080 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5254 || 20210712 || 2021-07-13 01:23:14.131849 || 1206.654 || 0.420 || 184.029 || 6.975 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5255 || 20210712 || 2021-07-13 01:47:16.445606 || 1203.150 || 0.398 || 221.435 || 8.531 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5256 || 20210712 || 2021-07-13 02:11:20.228025 || 1201.871 || 0.403 || 239.169 || 13.172 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5257 || 20210712 || 2021-07-13 02:33:55.047752 || 1205.168 || 0.383 || 250.357 || 17.114 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5258 || 20210712 || 2021-07-13 02:58:36.310374 || 1206.582 || 0.415 || 258.359 || 23.067 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5281 || 20210716 || 2021-07-17 01:58:45.359084 || 606.296 || 0.382 || 241.680 || 13.200 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5284 || 20210716 || 2021-07-17 02:56:34.882860 || 1205.573 || 0.414 || 261.193 || 26.029 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5285 || 20210716 || 2021-07-17 03:20:04.027781 || 1205.415 || 0.399 || 265.644 || 30.642 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5286 || 20210716 || 2021-07-17 03:37:31.978401 || 486.510 || 0.401 || 266.766 || 34.734 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5294 || 20210717 || 2021-07-18 00:00:54.795768 || 1205.661 || 0.376 || 111.738 || 15.997 || False ||  wobble
|-
|5295 || 20210717 || 2021-07-18 00:24:54.352744 || 1205.205 || 0.422 || 127.894 || 10.745 || False ||  wobble
|-
|5299 || 20210717 || 2021-07-18 01:13:54.687818 || 1206.271 || 0.398 || 200.712 || 6.971 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5300 || 20210717 || 2021-07-18 01:37:59.408685 || 1206.359 || 0.403 || 229.105 || 10.732 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5301 || 20210717 || 2021-07-18 02:03:47.384962 || 1205.794 || 0.383 || 246.089 || 14.978 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5320 || 20210718 || 2021-07-19 00:20:59.428245 || 1206.284 || 0.378 || 125.137 || 11.347 || False ||  wobble
|-
|5321 || 20210718 || 2021-07-19 00:45:18.481347 || 1206.659 || 0.421 || 157.894 || 7.455 || False ||  wobble
|-
|5322 || 20210718 || 2021-07-19 01:10:06.164715 || 1203.304 || 0.398 || 200.913 || 6.987 || False ||  wobble
|-
|5326 || 20210718 || 2021-07-19 01:53:36.855329 || 1206.637 || 0.402 || 242.509 || 14.294 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5327 || 20210718 || 2021-07-19 02:18:57.552751 || 1202.194 || 0.384 || 253.242 || 18.914 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5328 || 20210718 || 2021-07-19 02:43:21.359871 || 1201.198 || 0.414 || 260.142 || 24.866 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5329 || 20210718 || 2021-07-19 03:07:08.815895 || 1206.109 || 0.399 || 264.874 || 29.535 || True ||  wobble
|-
|5330 || 20210718 || 2021-07-19 03:30:44.162188 || 1206.552 || 0.401 || 266.901 || 34.969 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6125 || 20210907 || 2021-09-07 20:59:10.755258 || 1205.524 || 0.378 || 124.154 || 11.577 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6126 || 20210907 || 2021-09-07 21:23:12.990901 || 1205.299 || 0.421 || 155.315 || 7.588 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6127 || 20210907 || 2021-09-07 21:47:15.248035 || 1205.164 || 0.398 || 196.709 || 6.816 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6128 || 20210907 || 2021-09-07 22:10:35.035322 || 1205.448 || 0.403 || 226.375 || 10.253 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6129 || 20210907 || 2021-09-07 22:33:47.974373 || 1205.418 || 0.383 || 243.388 || 13.879 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6198 || 20210910 || 2021-09-10 21:00:37.748895 || 1157.028 || 0.421 || 139.966 || 8.843 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6199 || 20210910 || 2021-09-10 21:22:28.734336 || 1159.121 || 0.398 || 171.222 || 6.611 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6200 || 20210910 || 2021-09-10 21:43:20.062237 || 1172.043 || 0.403 || 207.669 || 8.199 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6201 || 20210910 || 2021-09-10 22:06:16.572737 || 1400.066 || 0.382 || 232.938 || 10.951 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6202 || 20210910 || 2021-09-10 22:38:58.567869 || 1208.935 || 0.416 || 251.895 || 18.029 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6203 || 20210910 || 2021-09-10 23:00:16.579873 || 1166.859 || 0.398 || 258.398 || 22.026 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6204 || 20210910 || 2021-09-10 23:21:18.495585 || 1202.413 || 0.402 || 260.967 || 26.864 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6205 || 20210910 || 2021-09-10 23:42:55.358996 || 1211.386 || 0.387 || 265.112 || 31.062 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6206 || 20210910 || 2021-09-11 00:02:55.673674 || 1217.310 || 0.411 || 268.387 || 36.205 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6208 || 20210910 || 2021-09-11 00:47:32.362278 || 1206.405 || 0.399 || 272.881 || 45.754 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6223 || 20210911 || 2021-09-11 22:47:39.440023 || 1188.808 || 0.384 || 254.708 || 19.958 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6224 || 20210911 || 2021-09-11 23:09:07.997514 || 1188.388 || 0.414 || 260.555 || 25.306 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6225 || 20210911 || 2021-09-11 23:30:04.701359 || 1148.914 || 0.399 || 264.754 || 29.356 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6226 || 20210911 || 2021-09-11 23:49:53.932634 || 1204.881 || 0.401 || 266.265 || 33.963 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6227 || 20210911 || 2021-09-12 00:12:02.313915 || 1172.191 || 0.390 || 269.596 || 38.313 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6228 || 20210911 || 2021-09-12 00:30:34.922076 || 866.843 || 0.408 || 272.167 || 43.141 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6229 || 20210911 || 2021-09-12 00:47:58.089294 || 906.975 || 0.401 || 274.398 || 46.445 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6244 || 20210912 || 2021-09-12 21:53:20.006110 || 1284.220 || 0.382 || 228.547 || 10.084 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6245 || 20210912 || 2021-09-12 22:15:07.177227 || 1181.297 || 0.417 || 245.585 || 14.756 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6246 || 20210912 || 2021-09-12 22:36:24.544463 || 1197.066 || 0.398 || 254.190 || 18.612 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6247 || 20210912 || 2021-09-12 22:58:01.640121 || 1232.768 || 0.402 || 257.764 || 23.537 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6248 || 20210912 || 2021-09-12 23:19:36.515968 || 1208.833 || 0.386 || 262.595 || 27.689 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6249 || 20210912 || 2021-09-12 23:50:33.302675 || 1328.482 || 0.411 || 267.791 || 35.214 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6250 || 20210912 || 2021-09-13 00:05:53.763888 || 328.248 || 0.400 || 270.158 || 38.076 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6251 || 20210912 || 2021-09-13 00:19:51.266180 || 1236.984 || 0.400 || 270.625 || 41.402 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6252 || 20210912 || 2021-09-13 00:41:51.959164 || 1153.771 || 0.393 || 273.459 || 45.724 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6253 || 20210912 || 2021-09-13 00:57:51.387474 || 595.861 || 0.405 || 275.503 || 49.979 || True ||  wobble
|-
|6269 || 20210913 || 2021-09-13 22:58:57.497780 || 1562.563 || 0.385 || 259.350 || 24.064 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6271 || 20210913 || 2021-09-13 23:30:41.016183 || 312.418 || 0.387 || 265.064 || 30.965 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6272 || 20210913 || 2021-09-13 23:49:12.585701 || 28.083 || 0.388 || 267.697 || 35.026 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6273 || 20210913 || 2021-09-14 00:00:57.099488 || 1229.859 || 0.410 || 269.620 || 38.362 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6288 || 20210914 || 2021-09-15 00:04:45.977484 || 1164.339 || 0.400 || 269.760 || 39.817 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6289 || 20210914 || 2021-09-15 00:25:30.855964 || 1163.854 || 0.392 || 272.532 || 43.863 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6290 || 20210914 || 2021-09-15 00:46:18.103774 || 1208.983 || 0.406 || 275.120 || 49.172 || False ||  wobble
|-
|6291 || 20210914 || 2021-09-15 01:08:00.772730 || 1193.965 || 0.402 || 277.627 || 53.399 || False ||  wobble
|-
|8607 || 20220602 || 2022-06-03 02:18:17.116211 || 1168.144 || 0.375 || 100.131 || 24.574 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8608 || 20220602 || 2022-06-03 02:39:12.544475 || 1189.029 || 0.423 || 106.122 || 19.362 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8610 || 20220602 || 2022-06-03 03:12:23.674925 || 1175.487 || 0.399 || 117.749 || 12.744 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8611 || 20220602 || 2022-06-03 03:32:43.771255 || 1134.869 || 0.402 || 137.193 || 9.706 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8612 || 20220602 || 2022-06-03 03:52:58.185166 || 1134.483 || 0.380 || 161.859 || 7.264 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8613 || 20220602 || 2022-06-03 04:12:50.695077 || 1130.355 || 0.418 || 204.330 || 7.555 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8614 || 20220602 || 2022-06-03 04:28:44.929503 || 630.429 || 0.398 || 225.667 || 8.973 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8891 || 20220624 || 2022-06-25 01:38:48.786781 || 1239.415 || 0.402 || 116.787 || 14.563 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8892 || 20220624 || 2022-06-25 02:04:18.557745 || 1173.345 || 0.379 || 131.935 || 9.980 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8893 || 20220624 || 2022-06-25 02:24:22.669043 || 1151.907 || 0.419 || 164.241 || 7.185 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8894 || 20220624 || 2022-06-25 02:44:34.480588 || 1152.283 || 0.398 || 199.396 || 6.903 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8895 || 20220624 || 2022-06-25 03:04:38.363385 || 1154.168 || 0.402 || 224.591 || 9.965 || True ||  wobble
|-
|8896 || 20220624 || 2022-06-25 03:22:02.053649 || 841.338 || 0.383 || 239.084 || 12.399 || True ||  wobble
|-
|9722 || 20221019 || 2022-10-19 20:30:27.600677 || 1794.876 || 0.015 || 257.908 || 22.698 || False ||  ON
|-
|9723 || 20221019 || 2022-10-19 21:00:12.800844 || 1206.477 || 0.012 || 263.753 || 29.174 || False ||  ON
|-
|9724 || 20221019 || 2022-10-19 21:21:36.919730 || 1205.612 || 0.011 || 266.964 || 33.859 || False ||  ON
|-
|9725 || 20221019 || 2022-10-19 21:43:03.569971 || 1206.730 || 0.009 || 269.741 || 38.567 || False ||  ON
|-
|9726 || 20221019 || 2022-10-19 22:04:13.933069 || 1206.449 || 0.008 || 272.208 || 43.217 || False ||  ON
|-
|9727 || 20221019 || 2022-10-19 22:26:16.460377 || 1205.381 || 0.006 || 274.589 || 48.049 || False ||  ON
|-
|9728 || 20221019 || 2022-10-19 22:43:13.303530 || 605.614 || 0.004 || 276.339 || 51.755 || False ||  ON
|-
|9752 || 20221020 || 2022-10-20 21:02:33.395669 || 5316.643 || 0.012 || 264.317 || 30.563 || False ||  ON
|}

==Data analysis Information==
SGR 1935+2154 is a Galactic magnetar that presents two types of high-energy emission: the persistent emission and the transient emission, hence we performed two types of analysis.

Common starting point are the DL1b produced by lstosa.

To reconstruct the events properties and obtain DL2 data, we employed a set of Random Forests trained with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations tuned to the Night Sky background (NSB) level of our data.
* Monte Carlo simulations of DL2 and trained RF were requested to lstmcpipe team, NSB tuned. MC prod name: ''20230428_src_dec2276_tuned_nsb_az_tel''
* lstchain version: 0.9.13

=== NSB Tuning and MC production ===

* We evaluated the NSB on a sub-sample of our data and obtained the following image modifier parameters:
 "image_modifier":{
 "increase_nsb": true,
 "extra_noise_in_dim_pixels": 1.309,
 "extra_bias_in_dim_pixels": 0.54,
 "transition_charge": 8,
 "extra_noise_in_bright_pixels": 1.79}

We use these parameters for the whole dataset.
The true distribution of the parameters of the dataset is shown in the images below:

[[File:nsb_distribution_all.png|none|thumb|600px|Parameter distribution for every subrun of the dataset]]
[[File:nsb_distribution_selection.png|none|thumb|600px|Parameter distribution for subruns of the ''good runs'' (no moon, no bad weather, only wobble)]]


We produced the configuration files for the ''lstMCpipe'' and ''lstchain'', added the ''image modifier'' parameters and produced the Monte Carlo simulations as described in the links below.

(Preliminary) MC production = [https://github.com/cta-observatory/lstmcpipe/tree/master/production_configs/20230315_src_dec2276_tuned_nsb 20230315_src_dec2276_tuned_nsb]

... Then we figured out we used ''sin_az_tel'' instead of ''az_tel'' so the RF would not work with our data, and we had to update the MC production just for this parameter...

'''Final''' MC production = [https://github.com/cta-observatory/lstmcpipe/tree/master/production_configs/20230428_src_dec2276_tuned_nsb_az_tel 20230428_src_dec2276_tuned_nsb_az_tel]

=== Types of analysis ===

* The persistent emission analysis is a "standard" stacked spectral analysis.
** We obtained DL3 and IRFs with a set of "standard" cuts (details below).
** We selected "good quality" runs (25h of data).
** Results are upper limits on the SED and Light Curve on 3 time scales: all stacked data (25h), night-wise (approx 2h), run-wise (approx 20m)

* The transient analysis is energy-integrated due to poor statistics, and focuses on 100ms time scale.
** The cuts were chosen to optimise the short-scale sensitivity (details below). This method can be used for the detection of other short transients too.
** We obtained a new set of DL3 and IRFs with the short scale cuts. We placed upper limits to SGR flux on the 9 time intervals (100ms) centered around the 9 simultaneous Time of Alerts, plus the stacked upper limit
** We searched for non-simultaneous bursts in all our data, without any detection.

==Analysis of Persistent Emission==
Bad quality runs and runs taken in ON mode were discarded from the analysis.

The SGR 1935+2154 analysis covers 25.8 hours of observations over 83 runs and 13 nights.

Plots can be found in early presentation pdf.

===Low Level Analysis===

'''1 -''' The DL1 were processed into DL2 sbatching one job per run, using the same <code>path-models</code> and <code>config</code>.
* We used <code>long</code> jobs and <code>mem-per-cpu 120g</code>:
 conda activate lstchain-v0.9.13
 lstchain_dl1_to_dl2 \
  --input-files /fefs/aswg/data/real/DL1/20210706/v0.9/tailcut84/dl1_LST-1.Run05163.h5 \
  --path-models /fefs/aswg/data/models/AllSky/20230428_src_dec2276_tuned_nsb_az_tel/dec_2276 \
  --config /fefs/aswg/data/models/AllSky/20230428_src_dec2276_tuned_nsb_az_tel/dec_2276/lstchain_config.json \
  --output-dir /fefs/aswg/workspace/gabriele.panebianco/analysis/SGRJ1935+2154/DL2 

'''2 -''' We prepared a DL2->DL3 configuration file (<code>energydep_intensity80_gheff0.7_thetacont0.68.json</code>) to get IRFs and DL3 data.
* We modified a template existing in <code>lstchain</code> docs by setting:
** GH-efficiency: 0.7.
** Theta Containment: 0.68
** Event selector filter: INTENSITY>80 P.E.

'''3 -''' We computed the IRFs for every node as point-like and with energy-dependent cuts.
 MCDL2DIRECTORY=/fefs/aswg/data/mc/DL2/AllSky/20230428_src_dec2276_tuned_nsb_az_tel/TestingDataset/dec_2276
 lstchain_create_irf_files \
  -g "$MCDL2DIRECTORY/node_theta_23.630_az_100.758_/dl2_20230315_src_dec2276_tuned_nsb_node_theta_23.630_az_100.758__merged.h5" \
  -o "/fefs/aswg/workspace/gabriele.panebianco/analysis/SGRJ1935+2154/IRF/energydep_intensity80_gheff0.7_thetacont0.68/pointlike_Theta23.630_Az100.758/irf.fits.gz" \
  --point-like \
  --energy-dependent-gh \
  --energy-dependent-theta \
  --config "/home/gabriele.panebianco/Workspace/SGRJ1935+2154/DL3configurations/energydep_intensity80_gheff0.7_thetacont0.68.json" 

'''4 -''' We processed DL2 files into DL3 with the same configuration file used for the IRFs and associated every run with its closest IRF (in terms of azimuth and zenith).
 IRFDIRECTORY=/fefs/aswg/workspace/gabriele.panebianco/analysis/SGRJ1935+2154/IRF
 lstchain_create_dl3_file \
  -d "/fefs/aswg/workspace/gabriele.panebianco/analysis/SGRJ1935+2154/DL2/dl2_LST-1.Run05163.h5" \
  -o "/fefs/aswg/workspace/gabriele.panebianco/analysis/SGRJ1935+2154/DL3/energydep_intensity80_gheff0.7_thetacont0.68/pointlike/Run05163/" \
  --input-irf "$IRFDIRECTORY/energydep_intensity80_gheff0.7_thetacont0.68/pointlike_Theta23.630_Az100.758/irf.fits.gz" \
  --source-name "SGRJ1935+2154" \
  --source-ra "293.75deg" \
  --source-dec "21.9deg" \
  --overwrite \
  --config "/home/gabriele.panebianco/Workspace/SGRJ1935+2154/DL3configurations/energydep_intensity80_gheff0.7_thetacont0.68.json" 

'''5 -''' We created the DL3 index files to take advantage of <code>gammapy DataStore</code> class in the ''High Level Analysis''.
 lstchain_create_dl3_index_files \
  --input-dl3-dir "/fefs/aswg/workspace/gabriele.panebianco/analysis/SGRJ1935+2154/DL3/energydep_intensity80_gheff0.7_thetacont0.68/pointlike" \
  --file-pattern "Run*/dl3*.fits" \
  --overwrite

===High Level Analysis===

We processed every run in the ''Low Level Analysis'', but we used only a subset for the ''High Level Analysis'' made up by ''good'' runs.
* Runs exclusion criteria (info taken from long-term data check files):
** Source offset not in [0.35,0.45] deg (use only wobble runs, no on runs).
** Rate of cosmics < 2500 evt/s (avoid problematic runs due to calima or other environmental/instrumental problems).
** Pedestal charge standard deviation > 2 P.E. (avoid Moon runs).

We performed High-level analysis with <code>gammapy v1.0</code>.
* Standard Wobble Analysis was performed with 1 off region. Region size is energy dependent and set in the <code>RADMAX</code> IRF.
* Flux Points upper limits were obtained for the source under different conditions:
** SED ULs in [0.1, 10] TeV, 5 bins per energy decade.
*** 1 set of ''stacked'' ULs for total integrated livetime.
*** 13 sets of ''night-wise'' ULs.
** Light Curve UL run-wise and night-wise, energy integrated in [0.1, 50] TeV

Main results: theta2 plot and upper limits on the stacked emission.
'''The Nightly SEDs and the Light Curve can be seen in the presentation PDFs. The Source is never detected.'''
[[File:DL4_Theta2.png|none|thumb|500px|Theta2 plot for the stacked analysis (25.8 h)]]
[[File:paper_dnde_SED.png|none|thumb|500px|Stacked SED ULs DNDE (25.8 h). HESS is taken from their 2021 paper on SGR1935+2154 (2h data, 5 stereo telescopes).]]
[[File:paper_e2dnde_SED.png|none|thumb|500px|Stacked SED ULs E2DNDE (25.8 h). HESS is taken from their 2021 paper on SGR1935+2154 (2h data, 5 stereo telescopes).]]

==Cuts optimization for a short-scale emission==
'''See March 2024 slides for the full process.'''

Optimisation process in a nutshell
* For a grid of cuts: estimate background rate from an OFF region &rarr; get N<sub>5&sigma;</sub>, the number of counts needed to reject the background (null) hypothesis at 5&sigma; level
* For a grid of cuts: estimate the cut efficiency on a Monte Carlo file &epsilon;<sub>MC</sub>.
* Divide N<sub>5&sigma;</sub> by &epsilon;<sub>MC</sub> (this is proportional to the sensitivity of the analysis) and find the region with lowest values.
[[File:symposium_cuts.png|none|thumb|600px|Cuts optimisation. Optimisation region in lower left part of the map.]]


* Cuts optimised to detect a 100ms burst above a Poisson background in a single energy bin (>30 GeV):
** Intensity > 50 p.e.
** Global Theta2 cut 0.08 deg^2
** Global Gammaness cut 0.75

==Analysis of Transient Emission==


===VHE Flux Upper Limits on simultaneous X bursts===
''See March 2024 slides for details.''

'''1 - ''' We obtained a new set of DL3 and IRFs for the transient analysis.
* We used the IRFs to obtain the effective area and the exposure in a 100ms time bin in the energy range [30 GeV; 10 TeV] assuming a power law with index=2.
* We counted the ON photons in a 100ms time window centred on the Time of Alert (ToA) provided by ATels/GCNs. The ON radius is given by the theta2 global cut.
* These counts are either 0 or 1. They are not enough to claim a detection (the threshold is N<sub>5&sigma;</sub>) &rarr; '''No TeV counterpart of the X bursts was observed.'''

'''2 - ''' We can use the ON counts to estimate the upper limit on the transient emission flux.
* In every bin the expected number of background counts (according to the background rate) is <1, we can consider the arrival of background events negligible in such a short time scale.
* According to [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ASPC..371...75C/abstract Cowan 2007 (eq. 6)], [https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001 Patrignani 2016 (eq 39.59->39.61, Table 39.3)], if we suppose the ON counts are due to a ''signal'' Poisson distribution with unknown expected value &mu;, the ON counts constrain the 95% upper limit on &mu; (we are estimating the Bayesian upper limit). In particular:
** ON = 0 &rarr; &mu;<sub>UL</sub>=3.00
** ON = 1 &rarr; &mu;<sub>UL</sub>=4.74
** ON = 2 &rarr; &mu;<sub>UL</sub>=6.30
* The Flux upper limit can be found by dividing &mu;<sub>UL</sub> over the bin exposure.

'''3 - ''' We can stack the counts to estimate the total upper limit on the transient emission of SGR 1935+2154 (over a 0.9s livetime).
* The average background rate is 1.098 cts/s, so the Poisson expected number of background counts in a 0.9s bin is 0.99. Can we neglect the background?
* The Bayesian upper limit with negligible background is ON = 2 &rarr; &mu;<sub>UL</sub>=6.30.
* The Bayesian upper limit with background is the same - expected background counts, i.e. 5.31.
* If we divide the counts UL by the exposure, we get the flux upper limit. We considered both the cases of an average effective area and the worst effective area to be conservative.


{| class="wikitable"
|+ SGR 1935+2154 VHE Upper limits on external simultaneous X bursts.
|-
!Run !! ToA !! IRF zenith [deg] !! IRF azimuth [deg] !! Eff. Area [10<sup>8</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>] !! Livetime [s] !! Exposure [10<sup>8</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> s] !! Background Rate [s<sup>-1</sup>] !!  N<sub>5&sigma;</sub> !! ON counts !! &mu;<sub>UL</sub> !! Flux UL [10<sup>-8</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>]
|-
|5163 || 2021-07-07 00:33:31.670 || 23.630 || 100.758 || 24.76 || 0.1 || 2.476 || 1.324 || 5 || 0 || 3    || 1.212
|-
|6205 || 2021-09-10 23:40:34.460 || 37.814 || 270     || 29.59 || 0.1 || 2.959 || 1.200 || 4 || 0 || 3    || 1.014
|-
|6223 || 2021-09-11 22:51:41.600 || 23.630 || 259.265 || 24.52 || 0.1 || 2.452 || 1.527 || 5 || 1 || 4.74 || 1.933
|-
|6226 || 2021-09-11 23:55:45.872 || 37.814 || 270     || 29.59 || 0.1 || 2.959 || 1.102 || 4 || 0 || 3    || 1.014
|-
|6228 || 2021-09-12 00:34:37.450 || 47.952 || 270     || 33.71 || 0.1 || 3.371 || 0.610 || 4 || 0 || 3    || 0.890
|-
|6229 || 2021-09-12 00:45:49.400 || 47.952 || 270     || 33.71 || 0.1 || 3.371 || 0.666 || 4 || 0 || 3    || 0.890
|-
|6245 || 2021-09-12 22:16:36.200 || 10.0   || 248.117 || 21.38 || 0.1 || 2.138 || 1.267 || 4 || 1 || 4.74 || 2.217
|-
|6248 || 2021-09-12 23:19:32.080 || 23.630 || 259.265 || 24.52 || 0.1 || 2.452 || 1.147 || 4 || 0 || 3    || 1.223
|-
|6251 || 2021-09-13 00:27:25.200 || 37.814 || 270     || 29.59 || 0.1 || 2.959 || 1.042 || 4 || 0 || 3    || 1.014
|-
|NA || stacked 0.9s: avg bkg, avg aeff    || NA     || NA      || 27.93 || 0.9 || 25.137 || 1.098 || 9 || 2 || 6.3 || 0.251
|-
|NA || stacked 0.9s: avg bkg, worst aeff  || 10.0   || 248.117 || 21.38 || 0.9 || 19.242 || 1.098 || 9 || 2 || 6.3 || 0.327
|}

===Search for non-simultaneous bursts===
''See March 2024 slides for details.''

We selected the DL3 (with short time scale cuts) in SGR 1935+2154 ON region and binned them in 0.1s bins from the start of every run.

The number of counts in a bin follow the background Poisson distribution -> no detection of non-simultaneous bursts.

In order to claim a detection in a bin, we need a number of counts>N<sub>5&sigma;</sub> corrected by the number of trials.

We used approx 1E6 trials (because we use 118 runs of approx 20 mins in 0.1s bins).

The post-trial N<sub>5&sigma;</sub> is the number of counts with a post-trial p-value of 2.87E-7.
We convert it first into a pre-trial pvalue, then into a N<sub>5&sigma;</sub>.
Maths is explained in March 2024 slides.

LST-1 rates in the short time scale cuts ranges from 0.2 to 2 cts/s, that imply pre-trial N<sub>5&sigma;</sub> from 3 to 5, and post-trial N<sub>5&sigma;</sub> from 6 to 9.

==Results recap==

* Persistent Emission Analysis:
# SGR 1935+2154 is not detected.
# We placed Upper Limits on the SED.
* Transient Emission Analysis:
# No burst is detected in coincidence to the 9 external ToAs.
# We placed integrated flux TeV 2sigma upper limits in coincidence to simultaneous X bursts.
# No burst is detected in the rest of our dataset (non-simultaeous bursts).