SGR1935+2154

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General Information

  • Name of the source: SGR 1935+2154
  • Brief description of the source:
    • Object type : Soft Gamma Repeater, Galactic Magnetar
    • Other relevant information: Its simultaneous X-ray bursts (INTEGRAL, AGILE) and Fast radio Bursts (CHIME) on April 28th, 2020 were associated, providing the first evidence that FRBs can originate from magnetars.
    • RA: 19 35 00.0 (hh mm ss), Dec: +21 53 59.1 (dd mm ss)
    • RA, Dec in deg (ICRS): 293.75, 21.90
    • Galactic Coordinates l=57.26, b=0.81

SGR 1935+2154 is a Galactic magnetar that presents two types of high-energy emission:

  • the persistent emission at few keV
  • the transient emission of short nonthermal bursts at keV−MeV. The transient emission is characterized by occasional activity period lasting days-weeks with tens-hundreds of random, short (≈0.1s) and irregular bursts.

People involved

  • Gabriele Panebianco (gabriele.panebianco@inaf.it)
  • Rubén López-Coto (rlopezcoto@iaa.es)
  • Andrea Bulgarelli
  • Pol Bordas
  • Paolo Da Vela
  • Tarek Hassan
  • Alicia López-Oramas
  • Ambra Di Piano
  • Nicolò Parmiggiani
  • Irene Jimenez Martinez

Presentations

Data-taking Information

SGR 1935+2154 was observed during July 2021, September 2021, June 2022, October 2022 as follow up to external science alerts. SGR 1935+2154 was observed for a total of 37.7 hours over 118 runs in 17 nights.

Roughly half of the observations were conducted with MAGIC.

Observations are quasi-simultaneous to other facilities observations, both at VHE and MWL.

Observations are simultaneous to 9 time of alerts of high-energy satellites triggered by SGR 1935+2154 bursts.

Most observations are in Wobble mode, though some runs were taken in ON mode but without OFF observations (this is the case for all October 2022 runs and 4 July 2021 runs).


SGR 1935+2154 Observations with LST-1
Run Number Night Run Start Time [UTC] Run Elapsed Time [s] Source Offset [deg] Mean pointing azimuth [deg] Mean pointing zenith [deg] Used in stacked analysis mode
5154 20210706 2021-07-06 21:35:40.008366 967.415 0.348 81.331 56.930 False wobble
5155 20210706 2021-07-06 21:55:39.538852 1016.190 0.451 83.681 51.829 False wobble
5156 20210706 2021-07-06 22:18:14.314086 1053.514 0.372 85.327 47.133 True wobble
5157 20210706 2021-07-06 22:41:17.329760 1205.443 0.434 88.929 42.344 True wobble
5158 20210706 2021-07-06 23:03:40.273986 1205.356 0.357 90.827 37.672 True wobble
5161 20210706 2021-07-06 23:38:21.458475 1206.221 0.443 96.226 29.316 True wobble
5162 20210706 2021-07-07 00:00:21.764677 1205.398 0.442 100.261 24.532 True wobble
5163 20210706 2021-07-07 00:25:00.965802 1443.322 0.368 104.802 19.462 True wobble
5164 20210706 2021-07-07 00:49:25.963768 1145.974 0.436 116.293 14.803 True wobble
5165 20210706 2021-07-07 01:10:44.258733 1203.290 0.365 127.337 10.904 True wobble
5166 20210706 2021-07-07 01:32:50.001943 1203.480 0.437 158.649 7.453 True wobble
5167 20210706 2021-07-07 01:54:27.456639 1206.198 0.367 195.814 6.820 True wobble
5168 20210706 2021-07-07 02:16:10.395605 1205.429 0.436 224.205 9.957 True wobble
5169 20210706 2021-07-07 02:38:19.418482 1205.540 0.370 241.561 13.290 True wobble
5170 20210706 2021-07-07 02:59:59.232267 1205.947 0.432 252.307 18.372 True wobble
5171 20210706 2021-07-07 03:22:42.369718 1203.333 0.367 258.984 22.682 True wobble
5175 20210706 2021-07-07 04:15:42.475526 1205.977 0.434 266.547 34.509 True wobble
5176 20210706 2021-07-07 04:35:08.352232 905.936 0.377 269.512 38.264 True wobble
5192 20210707 2021-07-08 01:19:53.546984 1204.101 0.022 142.520 8.584 False ON
5193 20210707 2021-07-08 01:41:14.972905 1205.786 0.021 177.694 6.946 False ON
5194 20210707 2021-07-08 02:02:34.873506 1204.280 0.020 214.208 8.269 False ON
5195 20210707 2021-07-08 02:16:24.810369 292.236 0.019 230.309 10.271 False ON
5196 20210707 2021-07-08 02:25:59.058815 605.461 0.381 236.500 11.662 True wobble
5197 20210707 2021-07-08 02:38:06.497275 606.417 0.418 245.497 14.658 True wobble
5198 20210707 2021-07-08 02:51:02.354297 602.274 0.398 251.387 16.760 True wobble
5199 20210707 2021-07-08 03:03:00.516614 605.874 0.402 252.977 19.611 True wobble
5211 20210709 2021-07-09 22:50:58.651400 1205.470 0.370 90.657 37.872 True wobble
5212 20210709 2021-07-09 23:15:16.868188 1205.343 0.428 94.403 31.785 True wobble
5213 20210709 2021-07-09 23:46:33.454934 1205.261 0.399 98.543 25.197 True wobble
5214 20210709 2021-07-10 00:10:33.631798 1201.304 0.402 106.053 20.354 True wobble
5215 20210709 2021-07-10 00:34:57.851661 1204.504 0.376 112.827 15.470 True wobble
5216 20210709 2021-07-10 01:00:10.746264 1206.832 0.422 131.291 10.101 True wobble
5217 20210709 2021-07-10 01:24:30.383948 1205.869 0.398 160.492 6.922 True wobble
5218 20210709 2021-07-10 01:49:41.124249 1206.164 0.403 205.604 8.073 True wobble
5253 20210712 2021-07-13 00:58:23.075673 1205.001 0.379 138.150 9.080 True wobble
5254 20210712 2021-07-13 01:23:14.131849 1206.654 0.420 184.029 6.975 True wobble
5255 20210712 2021-07-13 01:47:16.445606 1203.150 0.398 221.435 8.531 True wobble
5256 20210712 2021-07-13 02:11:20.228025 1201.871 0.403 239.169 13.172 True wobble
5257 20210712 2021-07-13 02:33:55.047752 1205.168 0.383 250.357 17.114 True wobble
5258 20210712 2021-07-13 02:58:36.310374 1206.582 0.415 258.359 23.067 True wobble
5281 20210716 2021-07-17 01:58:45.359084 606.296 0.382 241.680 13.200 True wobble
5284 20210716 2021-07-17 02:56:34.882860 1205.573 0.414 261.193 26.029 True wobble
5285 20210716 2021-07-17 03:20:04.027781 1205.415 0.399 265.644 30.642 True wobble
5286 20210716 2021-07-17 03:37:31.978401 486.510 0.401 266.766 34.734 True wobble
5294 20210717 2021-07-18 00:00:54.795768 1205.661 0.376 111.738 15.997 False wobble
5295 20210717 2021-07-18 00:24:54.352744 1205.205 0.422 127.894 10.745 False wobble
5299 20210717 2021-07-18 01:13:54.687818 1206.271 0.398 200.712 6.971 True wobble
5300 20210717 2021-07-18 01:37:59.408685 1206.359 0.403 229.105 10.732 True wobble
5301 20210717 2021-07-18 02:03:47.384962 1205.794 0.383 246.089 14.978 True wobble
5320 20210718 2021-07-19 00:20:59.428245 1206.284 0.378 125.137 11.347 False wobble
5321 20210718 2021-07-19 00:45:18.481347 1206.659 0.421 157.894 7.455 False wobble
5322 20210718 2021-07-19 01:10:06.164715 1203.304 0.398 200.913 6.987 False wobble
5326 20210718 2021-07-19 01:53:36.855329 1206.637 0.402 242.509 14.294 True wobble
5327 20210718 2021-07-19 02:18:57.552751 1202.194 0.384 253.242 18.914 True wobble
5328 20210718 2021-07-19 02:43:21.359871 1201.198 0.414 260.142 24.866 True wobble
5329 20210718 2021-07-19 03:07:08.815895 1206.109 0.399 264.874 29.535 True wobble
5330 20210718 2021-07-19 03:30:44.162188 1206.552 0.401 266.901 34.969 True wobble
6125 20210907 2021-09-07 20:59:10.755258 1205.524 0.378 124.154 11.577 True wobble
6126 20210907 2021-09-07 21:23:12.990901 1205.299 0.421 155.315 7.588 True wobble
6127 20210907 2021-09-07 21:47:15.248035 1205.164 0.398 196.709 6.816 True wobble
6128 20210907 2021-09-07 22:10:35.035322 1205.448 0.403 226.375 10.253 True wobble
6129 20210907 2021-09-07 22:33:47.974373 1205.418 0.383 243.388 13.879 True wobble
6198 20210910 2021-09-10 21:00:37.748895 1157.028 0.421 139.966 8.843 True wobble
6199 20210910 2021-09-10 21:22:28.734336 1159.121 0.398 171.222 6.611 True wobble
6200 20210910 2021-09-10 21:43:20.062237 1172.043 0.403 207.669 8.199 True wobble
6201 20210910 2021-09-10 22:06:16.572737 1400.066 0.382 232.938 10.951 True wobble
6202 20210910 2021-09-10 22:38:58.567869 1208.935 0.416 251.895 18.029 True wobble
6203 20210910 2021-09-10 23:00:16.579873 1166.859 0.398 258.398 22.026 True wobble
6204 20210910 2021-09-10 23:21:18.495585 1202.413 0.402 260.967 26.864 True wobble
6205 20210910 2021-09-10 23:42:55.358996 1211.386 0.387 265.112 31.062 True wobble
6206 20210910 2021-09-11 00:02:55.673674 1217.310 0.411 268.387 36.205 False wobble
6208 20210910 2021-09-11 00:47:32.362278 1206.405 0.399 272.881 45.754 True wobble
6223 20210911 2021-09-11 22:47:39.440023 1188.808 0.384 254.708 19.958 True wobble
6224 20210911 2021-09-11 23:09:07.997514 1188.388 0.414 260.555 25.306 True wobble
6225 20210911 2021-09-11 23:30:04.701359 1148.914 0.399 264.754 29.356 True wobble
6226 20210911 2021-09-11 23:49:53.932634 1204.881 0.401 266.265 33.963 True wobble
6227 20210911 2021-09-12 00:12:02.313915 1172.191 0.390 269.596 38.313 False wobble
6228 20210911 2021-09-12 00:30:34.922076 866.843 0.408 272.167 43.141 False wobble
6229 20210911 2021-09-12 00:47:58.089294 906.975 0.401 274.398 46.445 True wobble
6244 20210912 2021-09-12 21:53:20.006110 1284.220 0.382 228.547 10.084 False wobble
6245 20210912 2021-09-12 22:15:07.177227 1181.297 0.417 245.585 14.756 False wobble
6246 20210912 2021-09-12 22:36:24.544463 1197.066 0.398 254.190 18.612 False wobble
6247 20210912 2021-09-12 22:58:01.640121 1232.768 0.402 257.764 23.537 False wobble
6248 20210912 2021-09-12 23:19:36.515968 1208.833 0.386 262.595 27.689 False wobble
6249 20210912 2021-09-12 23:50:33.302675 1328.482 0.411 267.791 35.214 True wobble
6250 20210912 2021-09-13 00:05:53.763888 328.248 0.400 270.158 38.076 True wobble
6251 20210912 2021-09-13 00:19:51.266180 1236.984 0.400 270.625 41.402 True wobble
6252 20210912 2021-09-13 00:41:51.959164 1153.771 0.393 273.459 45.724 True wobble
6253 20210912 2021-09-13 00:57:51.387474 595.861 0.405 275.503 49.979 True wobble
6269 20210913 2021-09-13 22:58:57.497780 1562.563 0.385 259.350 24.064 False wobble
6271 20210913 2021-09-13 23:30:41.016183 312.418 0.387 265.064 30.965 False wobble
6272 20210913 2021-09-13 23:49:12.585701 28.083 0.388 267.697 35.026 False wobble
6273 20210913 2021-09-14 00:00:57.099488 1229.859 0.410 269.620 38.362 False wobble
6288 20210914 2021-09-15 00:04:45.977484 1164.339 0.400 269.760 39.817 False wobble
6289 20210914 2021-09-15 00:25:30.855964 1163.854 0.392 272.532 43.863 False wobble
6290 20210914 2021-09-15 00:46:18.103774 1208.983 0.406 275.120 49.172 False wobble
6291 20210914 2021-09-15 01:08:00.772730 1193.965 0.402 277.627 53.399 False wobble
8607 20220602 2022-06-03 02:18:17.116211 1168.144 0.375 100.131 24.574 True wobble
8608 20220602 2022-06-03 02:39:12.544475 1189.029 0.423 106.122 19.362 True wobble
8610 20220602 2022-06-03 03:12:23.674925 1175.487 0.399 117.749 12.744 True wobble
8611 20220602 2022-06-03 03:32:43.771255 1134.869 0.402 137.193 9.706 True wobble
8612 20220602 2022-06-03 03:52:58.185166 1134.483 0.380 161.859 7.264 True wobble
8613 20220602 2022-06-03 04:12:50.695077 1130.355 0.418 204.330 7.555 True wobble
8614 20220602 2022-06-03 04:28:44.929503 630.429 0.398 225.667 8.973 True wobble
8891 20220624 2022-06-25 01:38:48.786781 1239.415 0.402 116.787 14.563 True wobble
8892 20220624 2022-06-25 02:04:18.557745 1173.345 0.379 131.935 9.980 True wobble
8893 20220624 2022-06-25 02:24:22.669043 1151.907 0.419 164.241 7.185 True wobble
8894 20220624 2022-06-25 02:44:34.480588 1152.283 0.398 199.396 6.903 True wobble
8895 20220624 2022-06-25 03:04:38.363385 1154.168 0.402 224.591 9.965 True wobble
8896 20220624 2022-06-25 03:22:02.053649 841.338 0.383 239.084 12.399 True wobble
9722 20221019 2022-10-19 20:30:27.600677 1794.876 0.015 257.908 22.698 False ON
9723 20221019 2022-10-19 21:00:12.800844 1206.477 0.012 263.753 29.174 False ON
9724 20221019 2022-10-19 21:21:36.919730 1205.612 0.011 266.964 33.859 False ON
9725 20221019 2022-10-19 21:43:03.569971 1206.730 0.009 269.741 38.567 False ON
9726 20221019 2022-10-19 22:04:13.933069 1206.449 0.008 272.208 43.217 False ON
9727 20221019 2022-10-19 22:26:16.460377 1205.381 0.006 274.589 48.049 False ON
9728 20221019 2022-10-19 22:43:13.303530 605.614 0.004 276.339 51.755 False ON
9752 20221020 2022-10-20 21:02:33.395669 5316.643 0.012 264.317 30.563 False ON


Data analysis Information

See slides.

  • Monte Carlo simulations of DL2 and trained RF were requested to lstmcpipe team, NSB tuned. MC prod name: 20230428_src_dec2276_tuned_nsb_az_tel
  • lstchain version: 0.9.13


Analysis of Persistent Emission

Bad quality runs and runs taken in ON mode were discarded from the analysis. The SGR 1935+2154 analysis covers 25.8 hours of observations over 83 runs and 13 nights. Plots can be found in presentation pdf.


  • Runs exclusion criteria (info taken from long-term data check files):
    • Source offset not in [0.35,0.45] deg.
    • Rate of cosmics < 2500 evt/s
    • Pedestal charge standard deviation > 2 P.E.
  • IRFs were computed point-like and with energy-dependent cuts.
    • GH-efficiency: 0.7.
    • Theta Containment: 0.68
    • Event selector filter: INTENSITY>80 P.E.
  • High-level analysis was performed with gammapy v1.0
  • Standard Wobble Analysis was performed with 1 off region.
  • Flux Points upper limits were obtained for the source under different conditions:
    • SED ULs in [0.1, 10] TeV, 5 bins per energy decade.
      • 1 set of stacked ULs for total integrated livetime.
      • 13 sets of night-wise ULs.
    • Light Curve UL run-wise and night-wise, energy integrated in [0.1, 50] TeV


Cuts optimization for a short-scale emission

See slides.

Analysis of Transient Emission

See slides.

Results recap

WIP.

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